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2021 – TOCONs with reduced dead times used for the detection of fire and combustion burner flames

5. May 2025 von sglux

Dr. Tilman Weiss, sglux GmbH, Berlin, Germany

TOCONs for the detection of fire and combustion burner flames

Abstract
The standard sglux TOCONs are featured by a relatively high time constant that extends from 30 ms (low sensitivity TOCONs) until 80 ms (high sensitivity TOCONs). Most of the TOCON applications benefit from this high time constant because usually the TOCON’s application is to measure a UV irradiation that slowly changes. Such applications are e.g. the control of UV disinfection and UV curing sources. Short changes of signal caused by electromagnetic or high frequency influences are averaged – which is a benefit. However, looking at flame detection in heaters or looking at fire detection applications this relatively high time constant may cause problems. The present report presents opportunities to reduce the dead time of the TOCONs.

Filed Under: publications and reports, Research Tagged With: flame, flame detection, flame_detection

2020 – UV sensors for hydrogen flame detection

5. May 2025 von sglux

Dr. Tilman Weiss, sglux GmbH, Berlin, Germany

UV sensors for hydrogen flame detection

Zusammenfassung
Bei der Arbeit am gesellschaftlichen Ziel der Dekarbonisierung des Energieverbrauchs u.a. auch durch die Substitution von Erdgas durch regenerativ erzeugte Brennstoffe, ist Wasserstoff ein besonders aussichtsreicher Kandidat. Bei der erforderlichen Umrüstung von Erdgas-Thermen stellt die durch die Norm EN298 definierte Überwachung der Brennerflamme eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Stand der Technik ist die Flammenüberwachung mittels Ionisationsfühlern. Dieses Verfahren ist preiswert und zuverlässig. Wird dem Erdgas allerdings Wasserstoff beigemischt oder besteht das Gas ausschließlich aus Wasserstoff, ergibt sich eine andere Reaktionskinetik, welche die Zuverlässigkeit der bisherigen Fühler deutlich reduziert bzw. ihren Einsatz unmöglich macht.

Dieser Herausforderung kann mit UV-Sensoren begegnet werden, die alle Arten von Flammen anhand ihres charakteristischen Emissionsspektrums im UV-Bereich zuverlässig erkennen können. UV-Sensoren sind in der Anschaffung teurer als Ionisationsfühler und werden daher aktuell nur in hochpreisigen Industriebrennern, nicht aber in Haushaltsbrennern eingesetzt. Nach aktuellem Wissensstand gibt es aber bei der Erkennung einer Wasserstoff-Flamme keine Alternative zum UV-Sensor.

Unsere UV-Sensoren TOCON_ABC1 und TOCON_ABC2 produzieren wir seit 2006 für den Einsatz in EN298-konformen Erdgas-Feuerungsautomaten. Für die Wasserstoff-Flamme haben wir diese Produkte nun zum neuen TOCON_F weiterentwickelt. Der Unterschied zu TOCONs ABC1 und ABC2 besteht in einer verringerten Off-Totzeit im Fall einer Übersteuerung des Sensors, welche von mehreren 100 Millisekunden auf unter 70 Millisekunden reduziert werden konnte – und zwar unabhängig davon, wie weit der Sensor zum Zeitpunkt des Erlöschens der Flamme ausgesteuert war. Entsprechend konnte die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit auf das Ausfallen einer Flamme deutlich erhöht werden. Auch wenn TOCONs TOCON_ABC1 und TOCON_ABC2 als Basis EN298-konformer Flammenwächter verwendet werden können (dort wird gefordert, dass der Ausfall einer Flamme spätestens nach 1000 ms eine Unterbrechung der Brennstoffzufuhr bewirken muss), könnte die Normanforderung in Zukunft verschärft werden. Grund hierfür könnte die bei Wasserstoff im Vergleich zu Erdgas um Faktor 8 höhere Flammengeschwindigkeit und der deutlich größere Zündbereich sein. Mit dem TOCON_F können also kürzere Abschaltzeiten als gegenwärtig gefordert realisiert werden. Dadurch ist der Einsatz dieser Bauteile auch bei eventueller Verschärfung der Norm zukunftssicher.

Filed Under: publications and reports, Research Tagged With: flame, flame detection, flame_detection

2024 – Measuring UV radiation without filters – silicon carbide (SiC) photodiodes make it possible

5. May 2025 von sglux

Dr. Niklas Papathanasiou, sglux GmbH, Berlin, Germany

Sensor Magazin 2/2024 (c) Magazin Verlag

Abstract
For more than 20 years, the Berlin-based company sglux GmbH has been producing photodiodes and sensors for measuring UV radiation, as used in many areas of industrial production, medical technology, combustion control and for monitoring UV disinfection processes. The precise detection of the ultraviolet irradiance is of great importance for a controlled and efficient functioning. sglux solves these tasks with SiC-based photodiodes, since 2009 from in-house semiconductor production. SiC photodiodes have an advantage in the detection of UV radiation due to their high band gap of 3.26 eV, as they are insensitive to visible and near-infrared radiation. In addition, SiC photodiodes have very low dark currents, so that even the smallest amounts of radiation can be detected. In the measurement of strong UV radiation, SiC scores with its high resistance to degradation.

Filed Under: publications and reports, Research Tagged With: flame, flame detection, flame_detection

2021-2024 – Development of an innovative electronic truffle detector

5. May 2025 von Stephan Smikalla

Partner: Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
period: 2012 – 2024
acknowledgements: Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank, 925486

Abstract
Truffles are regarded as delicacies all over the world. However, only few can afford. The price mainly is driven by the laborious harvesting method. Thoroughly trained sniffer dogs relatively ineffectively try to find the truffles in the ground. The present project aims to the development of an innovative electronic truffle detector and tries to offer an affordable and effective instrument for truffle harvesting. The scientific approach is to reliably detect the ultraviolet light emission of the seasoned truffle’s odor signature ((CH3)2S) while exposed to ozone. An inexpensive method of truffle harvesting would allow forest owners a more sustainable forest cultivation. Today the only means of income is the sales of wood. If additionally truffles could be easily harvested and sold, this would allow a more eco friendly cultivation of the threes, not only focussing on fast growing and well selling wood.

Filed Under: completed projects, Research

2016-2021 – Investigation of UV-Aging behavior of components used in the production of UV-LEDs and UV-Sensors.

5. May 2025 von Stephan Smikalla

Partner: sglux GmbH
Research project within the 20zwanzig initiative “Advanced UV for life”
period: 2016 – 2021
acknowledgements: BMBF 03ZZ0123

Abstract
Within the UV-Aging project experimental setups and scientific method are developed to allow a reliable estimation of the degradation behavior of LED and photodiodes as well as components used in these products (glass, diffusors, reflectors, glues, etc.). In the beginning a UV-Aging chamber will be constructed which allows the control of UV light (UV-A, B & C), temperature (up to 170°C) and humidity (95% r.h.).

Filed Under: completed projects, Research

2023-2025 – Development of a SiC-Avalanche-Photodiode

5. May 2025 von sglux

Partner: Fraunhofer IISB, Erlangen
period: 2023 – 2025
acknowledgements: FZK02P22K030

Abstract
Development of a SiC-Avalanche-Photodiode for flame and fire detection
Fraunhofer IISB and sglux GmbH have started working on the development of a manufacturing process for a SiC-based avalanche photodiode (APD) as part of the “KMU-innovativ” project. An APD amplifies the photocurrent through the avalanche effect and therefore has a significantly higher sensitivity than a conventional SiC photodiode. Applications are in the area of flame and fire detection.
Successful completion of the project would create an interesting alternative to the gas discharge tubes currently in use. Although these tubes are capable of reliably detecting very low levels of UV radiation, they have disadvantages that are not found in semiconductor-based UV detectors: The gas discharge tubes are relatively large, fragile, require a high operating voltage and have a short service life.
The first prototypes of the novel SiC APD will be available in mid 2024.

Filed Under: current projects, Research Tagged With: flame detection

2024 Digital UV Sensors – The Smartphone becomes a Radiometer

30. April 2025 von sglux

Dr. Tilman Weiss, sglux GmbH, Berlin, Germany

Abstract

Sensor Magazin 4/2024 (c) Magazin Verlag

UV radiation is used in many areas of industrial production, in medical devices and for disinfection. Precise measurement of irradiance is important for the controlled and efficient use of UV radiation. The UV measuring devices used for these applications must be able to measure the UV irradiance reliably, reproducibly and traceably over 13 orders of magnitude, from a few pW/cm2 up to 10 W/cm2. This is where digital measuring probes show their strengths.

Filed Under: Research

First SiC APDs from sglux

26. July 2024 von sglux

As part of the BMBF KMU Innovativ SiC4Flame project – FZK02P22K030 – sglux has produced the first SiC avalanche photodiodes (APDs) on 150 mm wafers together with Fraunhofer IISB Erlangen. In close cooperation with the Fraunhofer IISB team, sglux’ PhD student Felix Beier has developed a production-ready process for SiC APDs with a SACM device structure. The SiC APDs with diameters of 100 µm, 200 µm, 300 µm and 500 µm have a breakdown voltage of approximately Vbr=162.5 V and exhibit a gain m = 100 at 95% of the breakdown voltage V95%. The dark current at V95% is below 0.2 nA/mm². This means that SiC APDs have significantly better values than Si-based APDs and are also insensitive to visible radiation. Please contact us for samples for your application.

Filed Under: Research

TOCONs with reduced dead times used for the detection of fire and combustion burner flames

30. November 2021 von sglux

Further information can be found in our publication:
TOCONs for the detection of fire and combustion burner flames

Filed Under: Research

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