von sglux
Bielefeld, S.E., TU Delft Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science
Abstract
As a contribution to the decarbonisation of domestic heating, the graduation project investigates the feasibility of the application of UV sensor technology for flame detection and flame monitoring in hydrogen-powered domestic gas boilers. The research includes empirical studies and an analytical approach to describe influences on the sensor signal strength.
von sglux
Luther W. Beegle et al.
Space Sci Rev (2021) 217:58
Abstract
The Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) is a robotic arm-mounted instrument on NASA’s Perseverance rover. SHERLOC has two primary boresights. The Spectroscopy boresight generates spatially resolved chemical maps using fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy coupled to microscopic images (10.1 μm/pixel). The second boresight is a Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering (WATSON); a copy of the Mars Science Labora- tory (MSL) Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) that obtains color images from microscopic scales (∼13 μm/pixel) to infinity. SHERLOC Spectroscopy focuses a 40 μs pulsed deep UV neon-copper laser (248.6 nm), to a ∼100 μm spot on a target at a working distance of ∼48 mm. Fluorescence emissions from organics, and Raman scattered photons from organics and minerals, are spectrally resolved with a single diffractive grating spectrograph with a spectral range of 250 to ∼370 nm. Because the fluorescence and Raman regions are natu- rally separated with deep UV excitation (<250 nm), the Raman region ∼ 800 – 4000 cm−1 (250 to 273 nm) and the fluorescence region (274 to ∼370 nm) are acquired simultaneously without time gating or additional mechanisms. SHERLOC science begins by using an Aut- ofocus Context Imager (ACI) to obtain target focus and acquire 10.1 μm/pixel greyscale images. Chemical maps of organic and mineral signatures are acquired by the orchestration of an internal scanning mirror that moves the focused laser spot across discrete points on the target surface where spectra are captured on the spectrometer detector. ACI images and chemical maps (< 100 μm/mapping pixel) will enable the first Mars in situ view of the spa- tial distribution and interaction between organics, minerals, and chemicals important to the assessment of potential biogenicity (containing CHNOPS). Single robotic arm placement chemical maps can cover areas up to 7×7 mm in area and, with the < 10 min acquisition time per map, larger mosaics are possible with arm movements. This microscopic view of the organic geochemistry of a target at the Perseverance field site, when combined with the other instruments, such as Mastcam-Z, PIXL, and SuperCam, will enable unprecedented analysis of geological materials for both scientific research and determination of which sam- ples to collect and cache for Mars sample return.
von sglux
Jean-Maurice Cadet¹, Thierry Portafaix¹, Hassan Bencherif¹², Kévin Lamy¹, Colette Brogniez³, Frédérique Auriol³, Jean-Marc Metzger⁴, Louis-Etienne Boudreault⁵, Caradee Yael Wright⁶⁷
¹LACy, Laboratoire de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones (UMR 8105 CNRS, Université de La Réunion, Météo-France), 97744 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France.
²School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
³Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique, Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518, F-59000 Lille, France.
⁴Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de la Réunion, UMS 3365, 97744 Saint-Denis de la Réunion, France.
⁵Reuniwatt, 97490 Sainte Clotilde de la réunion, France.
⁶Department of Geography, Geo-informatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
⁷Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 21;17(8):2867. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082867
Abstract
Measurement of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is important for the assessment of potential beneficial and adverse impacts on the biosphere, plants, animals, and humans. Excess solar UVR exposure in humans is associated with skin carcinogenesis and immunosuppression. Several factors influence solar UVR at the Earth’s surface, such as latitude and cloud cover. Given the potential risks from solar UVR there is a need to measure solar UVR at different locations using effective instrumentation. Various instruments are available to measure solar UVR, but some are expensive and others are not portable, both restrictive variables for exposure assessments. Here, we compared solar UVR sensors commercialized at low or moderate cost to assess their performance and quality of measurements against a high-grade Bentham spectrometer. The inter-comparison campaign took place between March 2018 and February 2019 at Saint-Denis, La Réunion. Instruments evaluated included a Kipp&Zonen UVS-E-T radiometer, a Solar Light UV-Biometer, a SGLux UV-Cosine radiometer, and a Davis radiometer. Cloud fraction was considered using a SkyCamVision all-sky camera and the Tropospheric Ultraviolet Visible radiative transfer model was used to model clear-sky conditions. Overall, there was good reliability between the instruments over time, except for the Davis radiometer, which showed dependence on solar zenith angle. The Solar Light UV-Biometer and the Kipp&Zonen radiometer gave satisfactory results, while the low-cost SGLux radiometer performed better in clear sky conditions. Future studies should investigate temporal drift and stability over time.
von sglux
Dr. Tilman Weiss, sglux GmbH, Berlin, Germany
UV sensors for hydrogen flame detection
Abstract
Bei der Arbeit am gesellschaftlichen Ziel der Dekarbonisierung des Energieverbrauchs u.a. auch durch die Substitution von Erdgas durch regenerativ erzeugte Brennstoffe, ist Wasserstoff ein besonders aussichtsreicher Kandidat. Bei der erforderlichen Umrüstung von Erdgas-Thermen stellt die durch die Norm EN298 definierte Überwachung der Brennerflamme eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Stand der Technik ist die Flammenüberwachung mittels Ionisationsfühlern. Dieses Verfahren ist preiswert und zuverlässig. Wird dem Erdgas allerdings Wasserstoff beigemischt oder besteht das Gas ausschließlich aus Wasserstoff, ergibt sich eine andere Reaktionskinetik, welche die Zuverlässigkeit der bisherigen Fühler deutlich reduziert bzw. ihren Einsatz unmöglich macht.
Dieser Herausforderung kann mit UV-Sensoren begegnet werden, die alle Arten von Flammen anhand ihres charakteristischen Emissionsspektrums im UV-Bereich zuverlässig erkennen können. UV-Sensoren sind in der Anschaffung teurer als Ionisationsfühler und werden daher aktuell nur in hochpreisigen Industriebrennern, nicht aber in Haushaltsbrennern eingesetzt. Nach aktuellem Wissensstand gibt es aber bei der Erkennung einer Wasserstoff-Flamme keine Alternative zum UV-Sensor.
Unsere UV-Sensoren TOCON_ABC1 und TOCON_ABC2 produzieren wir seit 2006 für den Einsatz in EN298-konformen Erdgas-Feuerungsautomaten. Für die Wasserstoff-Flamme haben wir diese Produkte nun zum neuen TOCON_F weiterentwickelt. Der Unterschied zu TOCONs ABC1 und ABC2 besteht in einer verringerten Off-Totzeit im Fall einer Übersteuerung des Sensors, welche von mehreren 100 Millisekunden auf unter 70 Millisekunden reduziert werden konnte – und zwar unabhängig davon, wie weit der Sensor zum Zeitpunkt des Erlöschens der Flamme ausgesteuert war. Entsprechend konnte die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit auf das Ausfallen einer Flamme deutlich erhöht werden. Auch wenn TOCONs TOCON_ABC1 und TOCON_ABC2 als Basis EN298-konformer Flammenwächter verwendet werden können (dort wird gefordert, dass der Ausfall einer Flamme spätestens nach 1000 ms eine Unterbrechung der Brennstoffzufuhr bewirken muss), könnte die Normanforderung in Zukunft verschärft werden. Grund hierfür könnte die bei Wasserstoff im Vergleich zu Erdgas um Faktor 8 höhere Flammengeschwindigkeit und der deutlich größere Zündbereich sein. Mit dem TOCON_F können also kürzere Abschaltzeiten als gegenwärtig gefordert realisiert werden. Dadurch ist der Einsatz dieser Bauteile auch bei eventueller Verschärfung der Norm zukunftssicher.
von sglux
Stefan Langer, sglux GmbH, Berlin, Germany
Abstract
This report assigns the temperature coefficient (TC) of sglux SiC-photodiodes in relation to the incident wavelength. It demonstrates that the temperature coefficient is slightly negative for incident wavelengths below 270nm. At appox. 270nm is it almost zero and then strongly rises towards positive values with increasing wavelengths. The report further explains the physical background of this phenomena.
von sglux
Dr. Tilman Weiss, sglux GmbH, Berlin, Germany
Technical Report « Where SiC can replace discontinued GaP? »
Abstract
For measurement applications with a peak radiation between 210 nm and 346 nm (e.g. UV sterilization lamp or combustion flame control) a SiC UV photodiode can replace a GaP photodiode without restrictions – it will even output a higher photocurrent. A SiC device irradiated with a peak radiation from 346 to 380 nm will output a lower photocurrent compared with GaP (at same active area). However, if the radiation intensity is high, e.g. curing applications at 365 nm the SiC’s current output will remain at a usable level.
von sglux
Dr. Tilman Weiss, sglux GmbH, Berlin, Germany
UV sensors to control UVC surface disinfection
Abstract
Besides chemical treatment, UVC sterilization is applied to disinfect air and tools in hospitals, doctor’s offices, pharmacies as well as food and pharmaceutical production facilities and public washrooms. These applications require measurements of the UV radiation either at its place of generation or at the position of the goods to be disinfected. This procedure is crucial to ensure that a sufficient germ killing UV dose hits the goods. The report presents further details and suitable sensor and radiometer products.
von sglux
Dr. Niklas Papathanasiou, sglux GmbH, Berlin, Germany
Tech Report 350°C
Abstract
sglux announces that a new high temperature stable SiC UV Photodiode is now available. The photodiode can be permanently operated at a temperature of 350°C.
von sglux
Dr. Niklas Papathanasiou, sglux GmbH, Berlin, Germany
Abstract
SiC and AlGaN based UV photodiodes had been irradiated by Hg medium pressure lamps for 90 hours and a UV irradiation intensity of 60mW/cm². The SiC photodiodes showed no measurable degradation whereas the AlGaN photodiodes lost 80 % – 85 % of sensitivity.
von sglux
G. Hopfenmüller, N. Papathanasiou, T. Weiss,
sglux GmbH, Berlin, Germany
Presentation on International Conference on UV LED Technologies & Applications 2018, Berlin, Germany
Abstract
Artificial UV radiation is applied in many processes such as UV disinfection, UV curing or biological activation. Besides discharge tubes, LEDs are becoming more important for a rising number of applications in particular UV curing or medical treatment. In general, exposure to UV radiation may cause health problems such as skin aging, eye damage or skin cancer. The potential danger varies with the irradiated wavelengths and the exposure time. The limits and the spectral weighting function of the UV irradiance are given in the directive 2006/25/EC published by the European Comission. The hereby submitted lecture will introduce a radiometer that precisely evaluates the hazard potential while displaying the maximum daily exposition time at a certain measurement point. The digital SiC based UV sensor has a spectral responsivity close to the biological weighting function and is calibrated to different UV LEDs with typical half widths. The sensor can be connected to any Android smartphone.